Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, most commonly in the cells lining the air passages. It is broadly classified into two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 85% of cases, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is more aggressive and spreads quickly. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for nearly 90% of cases, but it can also occur in non-smokers due to factors such as exposure to radon gas, air pollution, and genetic predisposition. Early symptoms may include persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and unexplained weight loss, though many cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to subtle or absent early symptoms.
Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as chest X-rays and CT scans, followed by biopsy procedures to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, and immunotherapy. Advances in early detection, such as low-dose CT screening for high-risk individuals, have improved survival rates. However, lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting the importance of prevention through smoking cessation and environmental safety.
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, most commonly in the cells lining the air passages. It is broadly classified into two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 85% of cases, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is more aggressive and spreads quickly. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for nearly 90% of cases, but it can also occur in non-smokers due to factors such as exposure to radon gas, air pollution, and genetic predisposition. Early symptoms may include persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and unexplained weight loss, though many cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to subtle or absent early symptoms.
Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as chest X-rays and CT scans, followed by biopsy procedures to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, and immunotherapy. Advances in early detection, such as low-dose CT screening for high-risk individuals, have improved survival rates. However, lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting the importance of prevention through smoking cessation and environmental safety.
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